The Quran on Jihad as Struggle vs Jihad as Fighting

<div class="separator" style="clear: both;display:none;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZWcdEGo5Zo5hScnz4XnWMJaGezKIEn1fkDvU_9ap1ya3APn6spfDXsx6tUnE7RFAAHlL8XjxRDUPvTivpwCFteZRF90RCmyyg5XDA_XTZylcXFef_SxjLCvO3siV9FwREeVcoVY-wphg/s0/jihad.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="445" data-original-width="699" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZWcdEGo5Zo5hScnz4XnWMJaGezKIEn1fkDvU_9ap1ya3APn6spfDXsx6tUnE7RFAAHlL8XjxRDUPvTivpwCFteZRF90RCmyyg5XDA_XTZylcXFef_SxjLCvO3siV9FwREeVcoVY-wphg/s0/jihad.jpg"/></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSBdB1EcZJ83IhyzYuJZ7jkQutCz_gpatmyxzbxhrPPRYDtKx2PSFD3MbMmbNzz3Cj7-S9JcFRma_kqPyE-9k6LIBto083Bf1L7KzYc0QclXAbCeHMSQNdphpMtNzLWFc76uh10IUp9l8/s0/jihad+600x500.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 0em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSBdB1EcZJ83IhyzYuJZ7jkQutCz_gpatmyxzbxhrPPRYDtKx2PSFD3MbMmbNzz3Cj7-S9JcFRma_kqPyE-9k6LIBto083Bf1L7KzYc0QclXAbCeHMSQNdphpMtNzLWFc76uh10IUp9l8/s0/jihad+600x500.jpg"/></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Jihad means striving and struggle in the way of Allah ﷻ. Jihad does not mean to kill. Qitaal means to kill. The majority of Verses on Jihad mentioned in the Quran are not associated with Qitaal. The only Surah that mentions Jihad with Qitaal is Surah Taubah (chapter 9) and that also in regards to lawful defensive war and not aggression. Sheikh Irshad Soofi Siddiqui Chishti of South Africa, in his book Madinah to Karbala, mentions the following facts about Jihad and its revelation in the Quran: “There are 35 verses of the Holy Quran which contain the word Jihad ﺟﻬﺎﺩ or its derivatives. Of the 35 verses of the Holy Quran which contain the word Jihad ﺟﻬﺎﺩ or its derivatives, not a single verse contain Jihad ﺟﻬﺎﺩ as suggesting aggressive fighting and killing. Not a single verse combines the word Jihad ﺟﻬﺎﺩ with qitaal (killing) fighting or warfare. This is with regard to the text of the Holy Quran. Putting the 35 verses which deals with Jihad ﺟﻬﺎﺩ into context, 30+ verses have no context or connection with fighting or warfare. There are only few verses which mention the word Jihad with Qitaal. They possess the context of lawful defensive warfare and they all appear in one chapter (Surah). They are in the 9th Surah, at-Tawbah (Repentance) and they refer to a lawful defensive war.”[1]</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Many Quranic verses that contain the word Jihad were revealed in Makkah during the 1st ten years of Prophet’s preaching, and in Makkah the Prophet and His Companions never engaged in any combats. In fact they bore the persecution patiently. For example the following Verses revealed in Makkah contain the word Jihad and the context in which they were revealed has nothing to do with fighting or Qitaal. In the following Verse Allah ﷻ advises the believers to strive with the Quran (i.e. using knowledge as your weapon) and even refers to such struggle as Jihad Kabeera i.e. Great Struggle: … but strive hard against them, by means of this [Quran], with utmost striving (Jihad Kabeera)."[2] In the following Verse Allah ﷻ mentions that doing good and righteous deeds are a Jihad (struggle) His path: "...But We shall be sure to guide to Our ways those who strive hard (jahadoo) for Our cause: God is with those who do good.."[3[ Similar verses that mention Jihad (struggle), majority of them in the Quran are not in reference to Qitaal or killing, but inspire the believers to struggle in the way of righteousness and keep patience at what they experience when struggling, because suffering brings them spiritually closer to Allah ﷻ and impacts their enemies by making them realize their own errors. However, as a last resort if the enemy is hell bent on eliminating the believers and Islam, then in such extreme scenario there is room to Jihad (struggle) and fight the enemy for the sake of defending one's honor and faith.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">References:</div><div style="text-align: justify;">[1] Chishti, Irshad Soofi Siddiqui. 2010. Madinah to Karbala Holy Blood on Unholy Hands Volume One. Abd al-Qadir Soofi Publications - (Chishti 2010)</div><div style="text-align: justify;">[2] Al Quran 25:52 - Asad Translation</div><div style="text-align: justify;">[3] Al Quran 29:69 - www.Quran.com</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: Trirong; font-size: 14px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[Courtesy of  </b></span><span style="background: 0px 0px white; border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Sans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Trirong; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/rizqan_kareem/" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; color: #bb1904; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.17s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Zaid Shah</a><span style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; color: #525252; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> |</span></b></span></span><b style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: Trirong; font-size: 14px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Rizqan Kareem | <a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; color: #bb1904; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.17s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Most Excellent Sustenance</a>]</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: Trirong; font-size: 14px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: Trirong; font-size: 14px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: Trirong; font-size: 14px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></b></div><table class="wsite-not-footer" id="blogTable" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #525252; font-family: Lato, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; table-layout: fixed; text-align: justify; width: 1000px;"><tbody><tr></tr></tbody></table>

The Quran on Jihad as Struggle vs Jihad as Fighting

Jihad means striving and struggle in the way of Allah ﷻ. Jihad does not mean to kill. Qitaal means to kill. The majority of Verses on Jihad ...

The Quran on Jihad as Struggle vs Jihad as Fighting

Jihad means striving and struggle in the way of Allah ﷻ. Jihad does not mean to kill. Qitaal means to kill. The majority of Verses on Jihad ...

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Why Quran Often Refers to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ as a Messenger?

<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4wRDfa_qgqgWaqufq2piez0-NVW2akKcdG4oZxWjNcUZgITosUfnHxcEBdzyUOazhDXWdoCixdiqPR8TtDlHHr1iScohOfUyJpBPdSJSkC8CeNj1ISBcbYTNMiBRrHbGMYtJ_Ry7pwZ0/s0/sealed+nectar.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 0em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="467" data-original-width="700" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4wRDfa_qgqgWaqufq2piez0-NVW2akKcdG4oZxWjNcUZgITosUfnHxcEBdzyUOazhDXWdoCixdiqPR8TtDlHHr1iScohOfUyJpBPdSJSkC8CeNj1ISBcbYTNMiBRrHbGMYtJ_Ry7pwZ0/s0/sealed+nectar.jpg" /></a></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-family: Trirong;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px; position: relative;"><span>Originally answered on </span>August 5, 2019 on Quora - <a href="https://www.quora.com/In-the-Quran-Allah-says-Obey-Allah-obey-the-messenger-Why-did-Allah-use-the-term-messenger-and-not-use-the-name-of-Muhammad/answer/Zaid-Shaw" target="_blank">In the Qur'an Allah says 'Obey Allah, obey the messenger'. Why did Allah use the term 'messenger' and not use the name of Muhammad?</a></span></b></p><em style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; position: relative;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></em><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica;"><div style="font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.3em; text-align: justify;"> ​This is because the official designation of ‘Messenger’ as opposed to ‘Muhammad’ carries importance with the listeners so they take his authority seriously especially when it comes to revelation & guidance. Such as when a country’s President addresses the nation and makes an important decision then they are informed through official channels that ‘President has made the decision’ and not ‘xyz has made a decision’ as then the decision is coming from his position of authority and not just his person so they follow what has been decided and realize its importance. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-size: 15px;"><div style="text-align: justify;">​Knowing the importance attached to the ‘Messenger’ designation, we may now understand why Allah <span>ﷻ</span> separately mentioned ‘Obey Allah’ and ‘Obey the Messenger’ in the Quran, such as the following set of ayahs (Al Quran 4:59–65). They specifically indicate Prophet’s independent authority and Allah <span>ﷻ</span>, in His divine wisdom, chose to give him this authority because the Prophet <span>ﷺ</span> came not merely to deliver a message but also explain its details using his individual wisdom and practically live accordingly to it so Muslims will always have his example as a reference for religious (and non-religious) matters if and when they require:</div></span></div></span><span style="background-color: white;"><div style="font-family: helvetica; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-size: 15px;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">​</span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">(Al Quran 4:59–65) Believers! Obey Allah and</span><span style="font-family: Trirong; font-weight: bold;"> obey the Messenger</span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">, and those from among you who are invested with authority; </span><span style="font-family: Trirong; font-weight: bold;">and then if you were to dispute among yourselves about anything refer it to Allah and the Messenger if you indeed believe in Allah and the Last Day</span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">; that is better and more commendable in the end….(O Messenger!) Have you not seen those who claim to believe in the Book which has been revealed to you and in the Books revealed before you,</span><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-family: Trirong;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">and yet desire to submit their disputes to the judgement of </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">taghut</span></span><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">(the Satanic authorities who decide independently of the Law of Allah)…(And tell them that) </span><span style="font-family: Trirong; font-weight: bold;">We never sent a Messenger but that he should be obeyed by the leave of Allah</span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">…But no, by your Lord, </span><span style="font-family: Trirong;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">they cannot become true believers until they seek your arbitration in all matters on which they disagree among themselves</span><span>, </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">and then find not the least resistance in their hearts over what you have decided</span><span>,</span></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> and accept it in willing submission.</span></div></span></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></div><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">The set of ayahs from 4:59–65 and the highlighted parts indicate that Allah ﷻ approved Prophet Muhammad ﷺ authority to act independently because of his status as well as his importance as a Messenger in deciding matters required for the completion of Islam. Its compilation is found in the Hadith/Sunnah literature which holds authority after Quran.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><div style="color: #525252; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><div style="color: #525252; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Trirong;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-size: 14px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[Courtesy of  </b></span><span face="Helvetica, Sans, sans-serif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-size: 14px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/rizqan_kareem/" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; color: #bb1904; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.17s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Zaid Shah</a><span style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; color: #525252; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> |</span></b></span></span><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-size: 14px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Rizqan Kareem | <a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; color: #bb1904; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.17s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Most Excellent Sustenance</a>]</b></span></div><div style="color: #525252; text-align: justify;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-size: 14px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="color: #525252; text-align: justify;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: Trirong; font-size: 14px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></b></div></span>

Why Quran Often Refers to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ as a Messenger?

Originally answered on  August 5, 2019 on Quora -  In the Qur'an Allah says 'Obey Allah, obey the messenger'. Why did Allah use ...

Why Quran Often Refers to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ as a Messenger?

Originally answered on  August 5, 2019 on Quora -  In the Qur'an Allah says 'Obey Allah, obey the messenger'. Why did Allah use ...

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The Matter of Hadith Rejecters

<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjovvVqac0UxOV7doSvV06_GKdMPgsAopIhBmsWVAFBk4XEdz2dSAM4by-uRrt6cafM5lNZQPXZZA9sczF4n7pR8NgwxVjpvAXPdKDsNCWbel7XvKSAli-nCewgpoD8TClwMsZSIKsFtzc/s0/ingkar+sunnah.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 0em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="700" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjovvVqac0UxOV7doSvV06_GKdMPgsAopIhBmsWVAFBk4XEdz2dSAM4by-uRrt6cafM5lNZQPXZZA9sczF4n7pR8NgwxVjpvAXPdKDsNCWbel7XvKSAli-nCewgpoD8TClwMsZSIKsFtzc/s0/ingkar+sunnah.jpg"/></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-family: Trirong; font-size: large;">The Prophet ﷺ predicted hadith rejection</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Narrated Al-Miqdam ibn Ma'dikarib (r.a) that the Prophet ﷺ said: “Beware! I have been given the Quran and something like it (i.e. Sunnah & Hadith), yet the time is coming when a man replete on his couch will say: Keep to the Qur'an; what you find in it to be permissible treat as permissible, and what you find in it to be prohibited treat as prohibited.” [1]</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The prophetic hadith predicts the appearance of such persons among the Muslims who will openly reject the hadith and challenge them while sowing doubts in the hearts of others of their soundness. Such people have come to appear in our times who proudly refer to themselves as "Ahle Quran" i.e. the people of the Quran, a misleading term because they are not identified by affirming the Quran but by the rejection of hadith. If they were truly affirming the Quran then there is no dearth of ayahs in the Quran that explicitly say to "follow the Prophet" or "obey him" or "take whatever he gives’"etc. Therefore the correct term for them would be Munkareen e Hadith i.e. those who reject hadith or Hadith Rejecters.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Please note that these Hadith Rejecters are not one type, they are 3 main types. The flagship of misguided groups is that they are prone to further divisions. Khalid Baig, an Islamic writer from South Africa has divided them in to 3 Groups and explains each:</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><ol><li>The first group holds that the job of the Prophet ﷺ was only to deliver the Quran. We are to follow only the Quran and nothing else, as were the Prophet's companions. Further, Hadith is not needed to understand the Quran, which is sufficient for providing guidance.</li><li>The second group holds that the Companions were required to follow the Prophet ﷺ but we are not as we're not the companions.</li><li>The third group holds that, in theory, we also have to follow Hadith but we did not receive Hadith through authentic sources and therefore we have to reject all Hadith collections.</li></ol></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-family: Trirong; font-size: large;">First Group</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;">How can this group hold the first position yet profess belief in the Quran while it clearly says: "And We have sent down unto You the Message so that you may explain clearly to mankind what was sent down to them, and so that they may give thought."[2] "Allah did confer a great favour on the Believers when He sent among them a Messenger from among themselves, who rehearses unto them the Signs of Allah, purifies them, instructs them in Scripture, and teaches them Wisdom, whereas previously they had been in plain error."[3] Verses like these clearly mentions words like "explain clearly", "instructing them in scripture" which anyone with common sense would agree as to be Prophets words and actions.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Trirong; font-size: medium;"><b>Second Group</b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;">How can anyone hold the second group's position, limiting the Prophethood to 23 years, yet profess belief in the Quran, while it says: "We did not send you except as Mercy for entire universe."[4] "And We have not sent you (O Mohammad) except as a giver of good news and a warner to all mankind."[5] These 2 Verses mention that Prophet ﷺ was sent to all generations i.e. for the past, present and future generations, so if he was alive and explaining the early generation to whom he was sent then naturally for the upcoming generations would be his hadith or words as he himself would not be present, simple.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Trirong; font-size: medium;"><b>Third Group</b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The Third group's position is that since they didn't receive the hadith then how can they follow it? This obviously is contradicting because the people who collected the Quran are the same people who collected hadith, hadith has come to us through the same channel as Quran i.e. Companions of the Prophet. Since Allah ﷻ has promised to protect the Quran (Al Quran 15:09) then if the same Allah orders us to 'Obey the Prophet' in the Quran, don't you think He would preserve sources of Prophetic words? After all who inspired the early Muslims to compile the Prophet’s words and actions in a systematic way through a branch of knowledge that we know today as science of hadith (ilm al hadith). This effort of their’s is unparalleled as compared to achievements of all other non-Muslim nations and their scholars. No doubt they could not have succeeded in it had it not been Allah’s will. It should be common sense for a Muslim believer.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Trirong; font-size: medium;"><b>How did Hadith Rejecters appear?</b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The hadith rejection concept was alien to the Muslims till about 150 years ago when Muslims were colonized. This was the first time that the majority of Muslim world came under domination of such powers that were secular in their approach towards everything, even education. When their way of life came to dominate the Muslim world amid the weakening of the Ottoman Empire then the new Muslim generation influenced by the way of life of the West was inspired to believe that the only way to have success in this world materially is by abandoning the traditional Islamic knowledge of their ancestors as the Western people have done of their’s after Renaissance. Hadith knowledge was seen as an obstacle by some modern Muslim thinkers inspired by secular philosophies. This led towards them promoting this theory that Muslims do not need hadith if they choose to be "developed". The efforts to reinterpret the Islamic texts led towards birth of many confusions among Muslims which are still observable. Hadith rejection is one of such confusions of which the Prophet ﷺ warned us more than 14 centuries ago.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">References:</div><div style="text-align: justify;">[1] Sunan Abi Dawud 4604 - www.Sunnah.com</div><div style="text-align: justify;">[2] Al Quran 16:44</div><div style="text-align: justify;">[3] Al Quran 3:164</div><div style="text-align: justify;">[4] Al Quran 21:107</div><div style="text-align: justify;">[5] Al Quran 34:28</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: Trirong; font-size: 14px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[Courtesy of  </b></span><span style="background: 0px 0px white; border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Sans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Trirong; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/rizqan_kareem/" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; color: #bb1904; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.17s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Zaid Shah</a><span style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; color: #525252; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> |</span></b></span></span><b style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: Trirong; font-size: 14px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Rizqan Kareem | <a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; color: #bb1904; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.17s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Most Excellent Sustenance</a>]</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: Trirong; font-size: 14px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: Trirong; font-size: 14px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></b></div><table class="wsite-not-footer" id="blogTable" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #525252; font-family: Lato, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; table-layout: fixed; text-align: justify; width: 1000px;"><tbody><tr></tr></tbody></table>

The Matter of Hadith Rejecters

The Prophet ﷺ predicted hadith rejection Narrated Al-Miqdam ibn Ma'dikarib (r.a) that the Prophet ﷺ said: “Beware! I have been given th...

The Matter of Hadith Rejecters

The Prophet ﷺ predicted hadith rejection Narrated Al-Miqdam ibn Ma'dikarib (r.a) that the Prophet ﷺ said: “Beware! I have been given th...

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Jay Smith, Examining the Newest Historical Research on Islam

<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVcXztyIzHbHBhWMrlpSm9iV91V1tAQqstmi4aFgWNPaa8my-keK5_dIB6hz_Yd_HSPcxPxrtjk5z49_ECcRDGYn9-MzFg43z85pgwDT1Q1wAr6cD9gmhRO4L-e56V5C9NsPR6k3DRJ_Y/s0/jay+smith.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 0em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVcXztyIzHbHBhWMrlpSm9iV91V1tAQqstmi4aFgWNPaa8my-keK5_dIB6hz_Yd_HSPcxPxrtjk5z49_ECcRDGYn9-MzFg43z85pgwDT1Q1wAr6cD9gmhRO4L-e56V5C9NsPR6k3DRJ_Y/s0/jay+smith.jpg" /></span></a></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><i><a href="https://lampofislam.wordpress.com/2019/12/03/an-answer-to-jay-smiths-examining-the-newest-historical-research-on-islam/" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>Jay Smith</b>,</a><span style="background-color: white;"> Engaging Islam With Dishonesty and Hate Speech </span></i></span></p><div class="entry-content" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1.2em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 1.05em; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">We recently came across a video,</span><span style="font-family: Roboto;"><span style="font-size: 1.05em; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;"> </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fMJRsd8SrhU&feature=youtu.be&fbclid=IwAR1QOvGfJsWBMlICn-ip9nQa_fZFno02oNxNW-9XTyMDFLowWYBEuTuRmgw" target="_blank">Examining the Newest Historical Research on Islam and the Earliest Quranic Manuscripts</a><span style="font-size: 1.05em; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">.</span></span><span style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 1.05em; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;"> Its author is Jay Smith, a Christian apologist and a known critic of Islam.</span></div><p style="font-size: 13px;"></p><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.05em; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1.2em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Roboto;">The first thing we notice before starting watching this video is: JS has turned its comments section off. This naturally gives his viewers an immediate negative impression that he is unable to face any counterargument about his presentation. </span><span style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 1.05em; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">Below we quote Jay Smith’s main arguments together with our answers:</span></p><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1.2em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 600; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Trirong; font-size: medium;">JS finds it weird that the earliest Muslims didn’t write down Muhammad’s life</span></span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.05em; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1.2em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Roboto;">JS finds it odd that Muhammad’s name appeared in a ‘Dated’ Muslim record for the first time NOT earlier than about ‘60 years’ after his death, during the reign of the Umayyad Caliph ʿAbd al-Malik. He considers it as a big proof that the history of Islam, and therefore Islam itself, starts from the time of ʿAbd al-Malik. He argues that, had Muhammad as known today been a historical figure, his contemporaries would immediately write down the details of the life of their beloved prophet from the very beginning, without leaving his first biography to be compiled by Ibn Hisham after two hundred years (his predecessor Ibn Ishaq’s work was lost).</span></p><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1.2em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Trirong; font-size: medium;"><b>Answer</b>:</span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1.2em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Roboto;"><span style="font-size: 1.05em;">JS needs to go through, for example, the following link that effectually debunks his above claims and aptly responds to the question about </span><a href="http://www.islamic-awareness.org/History/Islam/Inscriptions/earlysaw.html." style="font-size: 1.05em;" target="_blank">the existence of historical Muhammad, independent of the Quran and Islamic traditions</a><span style="font-size: 1.05em;">.  Then the review below briefly explains why the </span><a href="https://lampofislam.wordpress.com/2015/07/25/earliest-dated-muslim-texts-constantly-remember-god-but-never-muhammad/" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Earliest ‘Dated Muslim Texts’ constantly remember God but never Muhammad</a><span style="font-size: 1.05em;">: “Unlike Christianity, Islam is not a belief system whose religious formulae and expression are centred on the deification and glorification of a man. To put it another way, Muslims are not “Muhammadans” and Islam is not the worship of Muhammad. </span><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13.65px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13.65px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 600; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">This can help to explain why our earliest epigraphic records are not awash with references to Muhammad, instead containing simple pietistic invocations mentioning God. </span></span><span style="font-size: 1.05em;">Western scholars whose primary experience is of Judeo-Christian religion, history and culture often fail to appreciate this crucial difference. What these records do emphasize is the worship of one God alone without any partner, his attributes such as mercy and forgiveness are often supplicated for and are found in our earliest inscriptions. … Once the Islamic state started to change in the time of ‘Abd al-Malik (685-705 CE) following a number of battles and wars both internal and external, propaganda efforts were intensified …” (M S M Saifullah & ʿAbdullah David. © Islamic Awareness; words highlighted by the author S. I.)</span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1.2em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 600; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: medium;">He finds it weird that the earliest Muslims didn’t record Muhammad’s words (hadiths)</span></span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.05em; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1.2em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Roboto;">JS further maintains that, had Muhammad as known today been a historical figure, Muslims would immediately write down his words (hadiths) from the very beginning (as ‘happened’ in the case of Jesus), without waiting for the first Hadith book to appear after more than two hundred years.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1.2em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 600; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: medium;">Answer:</span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.05em; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1.2em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Roboto;">JS fails to realize that Islam, unlike traditional Christianity or Muhammadanism, is not about the deification or glorification of a man. Obviously, it is not keen on a formal biography or personal words of Muhammad the human. From an Islamic perspective, what is important for Muslims is only the revealed words of Muhammad the messenger, i.e. the Quran. JS fails to note that the latter was written down instantaneously as an authenticated, contemporary record of the messenger’s ongoing experience during his prophetic mission. Also, regarding the question why the earlier Muslims didn’t pen Muhammad’s personal words (hadiths), JS doesn’t seem to be familiar with any of the following reasons: <a href="https://lampofislam.wordpress.com/2014/09/10/the-quran-prohibited-hadiths/" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13.65px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Quran prohibited hadiths</a>; <a href="https://lampofislam.wordpress.com/2016/03/24/hadith-prohibited-hadith/" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13.65px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Hadith prohibited Hadith</a>;  <a href="https://lampofislam.wordpress.com/2015/08/05/the-first-four-caliphs-prohibited-hadiths/" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13.65px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The first four Caliphs prohibited hadiths</a>; <a href="https://lampofislam.wordpress.com/2019/03/06/earlier-muslims-prohibited-hadiths/" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13.65px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Earlier Muslims prohibited hadiths</a>; <a href="https://lampofislam.wordpress.com/2019/03/31/common-sense-prohibits-hadith/" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13.65px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Common sense prohibits Hadith</a></span></p><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1.2em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 600; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Trirong; font-size: medium;">Then he attempts to dismiss the Muslim belief about Islam’s place of origin</span></span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.05em; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1.2em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Roboto;">Then JS continues arguing that the key events in the Muslim version of the earlier Islamic history, such as the origin of Islam, are not anchored in historical context. Here he largely relies on Dan Gibson’s outdated work for the claim that the original holy city of Islam was not Mecca, but the city of Petra.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1.2em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 600; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Trirong; font-size: medium;">Answer:</span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.05em; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1.2em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Roboto;">This line of reasoning was originally started by Patricia Crone and Michael Cook, though they themselves later retracted from their hypotheses considering them as unfounded. These have been further refuted by the latest historical scholarship like Donner, Neuwirth, Schoeler, Sadeghi and Rubin. Then came Dan Gibson’s Quranic Geography (2011) with the already dismissed claim that the original holy city and birthplace of Islam is really Petra rather than Mecca. To be precise, we do not find in his arguments any real substance to reject the traditional Muslim understanding about the centrality of Mecca which is relatively consistent, based on <a href="https://understandingislam.today/is-mecca-or-petra-islams-true-birthplace/" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13.65px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">evidences from numerous sources</a> , including the historical works, the marks in the city of Mecca and those indicated in the Quran itself. While it is possible that Mecca used to be less important in the earlier Islamic centuries than it is today, we do not think Petra – which lay in ruins in 7<span style="border: 0px; bottom: 1ex; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10.2375px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 0px; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">th</span> century since it had declined fast after the Roman occupation – had <a href="https://lampofislam.wordpress.com/2020/08/28/petra-has-nothing-to-do-with-the-origin-of-islam/" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13.65px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">anything to do</a> with the emergence of Islam. Moreover, we note that the tenets of Islam as found in the Quran are universal and therefore not bound or affected by whether any city or land or direction is accepted as original or not (Quran 2:177). For readers who are interested in or fascinated by Gibson’s Mecca vs. Petra theory but haven’t gone through his actual arguments, here is a brief review of his book: <a href="https://lampofislam.wordpress.com/2019/12/01/a-rebuttal-to-dan-gibsons-quranic-geography/" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13.65px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A review of Dan Gibson’s Mecca vs. Petra theory</a>.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1.2em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 600; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Trirong; font-size: medium;">Finally he arrives at his favourit attack on the Quran, the Manuscript Criticism</span></span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.05em; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1.2em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Roboto;">Finally JS arrives at his favourit attack, the Manuscript Criticism. He contends that the Quranic claim about its eternality (85:22) can be easily dismissed by the discrepancies of its manuscripts. Also, according to him, the lack of a complete Quranic manuscript from the time of Uthman invalidates the Muslim belief that the Quran was compiled <em style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13.65px; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">complete</em> in 650 AD and that it remains unchanged since then.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1.2em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 600; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Trirong; font-size: medium;">Answer:</span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.05em; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1.2em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Roboto;">Apparently, JS doesn’t know the difference between the terms <a href="http://www.quranicstudies.com/quran/the-difference-between-quran-and-mushaf/" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13.65px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">quran and mushaf</a>. The word quran means “recitation” and originally refers to the oral recitations uttered by Prophet Muhammad over many years in a variety of situations. On the other hand, mushaf is “written pages” or manuscripts as secondary products (therefore open to possible clerical errors) of the oral recitations. The Quran is not inherently a “book”; it is “spoken word”. Also, while preserved as self-evident signs/messages (ayat) in the hearts of the knowers (29:49, 91:7-8), it never claims to be the entirety of God’s speech or words as it explicitly denies that divine words can ever be exhausted or captured by any human words or script. Thus the Quran constantly confirms that divine signs/messages (ayat), similar to its verses (ayat), are found throughout the Universe as well as human’s own self (31:27, 18:109, 45:2-6, 51:20-21). Here are a few <a href="https://ismailignosis.com/2016/09/14/10-surprising-facts-to-know-before-reading-the-quran/" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13.65px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">surprising facts to know before reading the Quran</a>. <span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13.65px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13.65px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 600; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Now, t</span></span><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13.65px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 600; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13.65px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">he main instrument and undeniable evidence for the unchanged preservation of the Quran has been its collective memorisation and on-going recital.</span> </span>Initially the verses were memorised and recited by dozens and then hundreds of people in the vicinity and time of the Prophet, following their revelation. If one person were to recite even one word of a verse wrongly, there would be many around him to correct his recitation. This was how the transmission of the Quran became a collective process strictly subject to collective cross-checking – a process that spread across regions and that has continued down to our time. This sort of collective cross-checking is unique for the Quran (which is also unique as the only book that defends itself), compared to any book or compilation in the world, including Hadith and associated traditions. <span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13.65px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13.65px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 600; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">This is further supported by reasoning, for example, like that of Fred Donner</span></span>, “In the Qur’an, on the other hand, we find not a single reference to events, personalities, groups, or issues that clearly belong to periods after the time of Muhammad – ‘Abbasids, Umayyads, Zubayrids, ‘Alids, the dispute over free will, the dispute over tax revenues and conversion, tribal rivalries, conquests, etc. This suggests that the Qur’an, as it now exists, was already a “closed” body of text by the time of the First Civil War (34-41/656-661), at the latest.” – Fred Donner (Professor of Near Eastern History – University of Chicago), (Narratives of Islamic Origins, 49). Here are <a href="https://www.islamic-awareness.org/quran/text/mss/" target="_blank">some earliest examples of the Quranic manuscripts</a></span></p><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.05em; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1.2em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><span style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 1.05em; font-style: inherit;">Further reading</span></b><span style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 1.05em; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">: <a href="https://callingchristians.com/2014/11/26/release-a-critical-analysis-of-jay-smiths-mistakes-about-the-quran/" target="_blank">A Critical Analysis of Jay Smith Mistakes About Al-Quran</a> </span></p><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #555555; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1.2em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Trirong; font-size: medium;"><b><a href="https://lampofislam.wordpress.com/author/serajmi/" target="_blank">Siraj Islam</a> | <a href="https://lampofislam.wordpress.com/" target="_blank">Lampoislam</a></b></span></p></div>

Jay Smith, Examining the Newest Historical Research on Islam

Jay Smith ,  Engaging Islam With Dishonesty and Hate Speech  We recently came across a video,   Examining the Newest Historical Research on ...

Jay Smith, Examining the Newest Historical Research on Islam

Jay Smith ,  Engaging Islam With Dishonesty and Hate Speech  We recently came across a video,   Examining the Newest Historical Research on ...

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Mawaqi an Nujum - The Revelation of the Quran in Stages

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; display: none;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkMw9yEn-gEpaZVExZS2mb3565iaJCFqFNPQ6UPO7P1wQ6TI5Ilfsx2Xm_39gGxugDfXW4IXe_UFvoIzD3__nVhRnqox4zCtk_pRgvYVUSDXdeEOPsoLlqE86piSQ3SGMG76txuuFzSGk/s0/laylat+al+qade.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="240" data-original-width="391" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkMw9yEn-gEpaZVExZS2mb3565iaJCFqFNPQ6UPO7P1wQ6TI5Ilfsx2Xm_39gGxugDfXW4IXe_UFvoIzD3__nVhRnqox4zCtk_pRgvYVUSDXdeEOPsoLlqE86piSQ3SGMG76txuuFzSGk/s0/laylat+al+qade.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/uploads/1/2/6/9/126965809/revelation-quran2_orig.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 0em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="438" data-original-width="800" src="https://www.rizqankareem.com/uploads/1/2/6/9/126965809/revelation-quran2_orig.jpg" /></a></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong style="background-color: white; font-family: Trirong; font-size: large;">The Quran was revealed in every Ramadaan in Night of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qadr_Night" target="_blank">Laylatul Qadr</a> for 23 years</strong></p><div style="line-height: 1.3em; text-align: justify;"><div style="font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;">The Quran was revealed in the month of Ramadaan in the night of Qadr (power) which majority of scholars concur happened on 27th of the Islamic holy month of Ramadaan or as few say, occurred on one of the last odd nights of Ramadaan, which are the holiest nights of this month. Firstly, the Quran confirms the fact that it was revealed in the month of Ramadaan: “</span><em style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px; position: relative;">It was in the month of Ramadan that the Quran was revealed as guidance for humankind, clear messages giving guidance and distinguishing between right and wrong</em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;">.”</span><a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/introduction-to-the-quran-ndash-revelation-compilation-memorization--preservation/mawaqi-an-nujum-the-quran-revealed-in-portions#_ftn1" style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;">[1]</a><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;"> Then Quran claims that it was revealed in one of the holiest nights called </span><em style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px; position: relative;">Laylatin Mubarakah</em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;"> (blessed night): “</span><em style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px; position: relative;">We sent it down on a blessed night… in which every firm decree is made distinct.”<a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/introduction-to-the-quran-ndash-revelation-compilation-memorization--preservation/mawaqi-an-nujum-the-quran-revealed-in-portions#_ftn2">[2]</a> </em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;">In another place, Allah </span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;">ﷻ</span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;"> says He sent down the Quran on Laylatul Qadr (the night of power or destiny)</span><em style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px; position: relative;">: “Behold, We revealed this (Qur'an) on the Night of Power.</em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;">”</span><a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/introduction-to-the-quran-ndash-revelation-compilation-memorization--preservation/mawaqi-an-nujum-the-quran-revealed-in-portions#_ftn3" style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;">[3]</a><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;"> Based on these verses of the Quran it is confirmed that revelation of the Quran began in Ramadaan and it was a blessed night called night of Qadr (power/destiny) in which the revelation was sent.</span></span></div><div style="font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></div><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Before the Quran was revealed in this wonderful night in Ramadaan, it was already inscribed in <em style="position: relative;">Lawhal Mahfuz</em>, the preserved tablet of Allah ﷻ where all matters have been preordained and predestined for His entire creation. This fact is also mentioned in the Quran and best translated as: <em style="position: relative;">“NAY, I call to witness the <strong>coming-down in parts [of this Qur'an - Mawaqi an Nujum</strong>] - and, behold, this is indeed a most solemn affirmation, if you but knew it! Behold, it (Quran) is a truly noble discourse, [conveyed to man] in a well-guarded divine writing (Lawhal Mahfuz) which none but the pure can touch: a revelation from the Sustainer of all the worlds!</em>”<a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/introduction-to-the-quran-ndash-revelation-compilation-memorization--preservation/mawaqi-an-nujum-the-quran-revealed-in-portions#_ftn4">[4]</a> Many English translators of the Quran, translate the term <em style="position: relative;">m</em><em style="position: relative;"><em style="position: relative;">awaqi an n</em>ujum</em> as ‘positioning of the stars’, but some like Muhammad Asad on the authority of Ibn Abbas (r.a), prophet's foremost knowledgeable companion, said this term can also be defined as ‘the step-by-step revelation’ or ‘coming-down in parts’ in references to revelation of the Quran.</div></span><div style="font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></div><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: justify;">The Quran, already preserved in lawhal mahfuz, was first brought down to the lowest heaven i.e. the heaven  above the earth and from there it continued to come down in parts within a period of twenty three years of Prophet’s ministry. This process for revelation of every verse from first heaven to earth was under the protection and delivery of Allah’s angels and that is meant by the words: “<em style="position: relative;">none but the pure can touch (Al Quran 56:79)</em>.” As recorded in the hadith literature Ibn Abbas (r.a) explained this process in the following words: “<em style="position: relative;">The Quran was sent down all at once to the heaven of this world, and then God, Exalted is He, sent it down to the Prophet ﷺ </em><em style="position: relative;">in installments of five verses at a time, or more or less than this’. He has said, Glorified and Exalted is He: ‘(Al Quran 56:75–77) Nay, I swear by the setting places of the stars! — And that is indeed a tremendous oath, if you but knew — This is indeed a noble Quran’. The Quran did not come down in one month or two, nor in a year or two; the time between the first revelation and the last was twenty years, or as [many] as God willed.</em>”<a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/introduction-to-the-quran-ndash-revelation-compilation-memorization--preservation/mawaqi-an-nujum-the-quran-revealed-in-portions#_ftn5">[5]</a></div></span><div style="font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></div><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Shaikh <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Qadir_Gilani" target="_blank">Abdul Qadir Gilani</a> (r.a) elaborates in his work <em style="position: relative;">Al Ghunya</em> <em style="position: relative;">al Talibeen </em>on the description given by Ibn Abbas (r.a)<em style="position: relative;">, </em>how revelation began and completed within 23 year period on this same night of Qadr (Laylatul Qadr - night of power) in the same month of Ramadaan: “<em style="position: relative;">Allah </em><em style="position: relative;">ﷻ</em><em style="position: relative;"> sent it down from the Well-Kept Tablet [al law al mahfuz] to the heaven of this lower world—to the Scribes [as-Safara], they being the clerks or secretaries among the angels. It would thus come down on that particular night, from the Tablet, to the extent that Archangel Gabriel (a.s) was to reveal it—with the permission of Allah </em><em style="position: relative;">ﷻ </em><em style="position: relative;">—to the Prophet </em><em style="position: relative;">ﷺ</em><em style="position: relative;"><em style="position: relative;"> </em>in the course of the whole year. The same procedure would then be applied in each subsequent year, until the entire Quran had come down, on the Night of Power [Lailat al-Qadr] in the month of Ramadaan, to the heaven of this lower world.</em>”<a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/introduction-to-the-quran-ndash-revelation-compilation-memorization--preservation/mawaqi-an-nujum-the-quran-revealed-in-portions#_ftn6">[6]</a> Hence a portion of the Quran would be brought down from the highest heaven to the lowest, every year in Ramadaan in the night of Qadr (power/destiny), and that portion would subsequently be revealed throughout the year till the next night of Qadr, till completion of the Quran. </div></span><div style="font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></div><u style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><u>References</u>:</span></div></u><div style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/introduction-to-the-quran-ndash-revelation-compilation-memorization--preservation/mawaqi-an-nujum-the-quran-revealed-in-portions#_ftnref1">[1]</a> Al Quran 2:185</span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/introduction-to-the-quran-ndash-revelation-compilation-memorization--preservation/mawaqi-an-nujum-the-quran-revealed-in-portions#_ftnref2">[2]</a> Al Quran 44:3-4</span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/introduction-to-the-quran-ndash-revelation-compilation-memorization--preservation/mawaqi-an-nujum-the-quran-revealed-in-portions#_ftnref3">[3]</a> Al Quran 97:1</span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/introduction-to-the-quran-ndash-revelation-compilation-memorization--preservation/mawaqi-an-nujum-the-quran-revealed-in-portions#_ftnref4">[4]</a> Al Quran 56:75–80</span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/introduction-to-the-quran-ndash-revelation-compilation-memorization--preservation/mawaqi-an-nujum-the-quran-revealed-in-portions#_ftnref5">[5]</a> Al-Tustari, Sahl bin Abdullah. 2011. <em style="position: relative;">Tafsir al-Tustari.</em> Amman: Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought - (Al-Tustari 2011)</span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/introduction-to-the-quran-ndash-revelation-compilation-memorization--preservation/mawaqi-an-nujum-the-quran-revealed-in-portions#_ftnref6">[6]</a> Jilani, Sayyid Abd al-Qadir. n.d. "Seventh Discourse ." In <em style="position: relative;">Ghunya al-Talibeen</em>, by Sayyid Abd al-Qadir Jilani. As-Sunnah Foundation of America - (Jilani n.d.)</span></div><br /><br /><span style="font-family: Trirong;"> <b>[Courtesy of  </b></span><span style="background-color: white; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Trirong;"><b><a href="https://www.instagram.com/rizqan_kareem/" target="_blank">Zaid Shah</a><span style="color: #525252;"> |</span></b></span></span><b style="font-family: Trirong;"> Rizqan Kareem | <a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/" target="_blank">Most Excellent Sustenance</a>]</b></div> <style>.post-meta .post-date {display:none} </style>

Mawaqi an Nujum - The Revelation of the Quran in Stages

The Quran was revealed in every Ramadaan in Night of Laylatul Qadr for 23 years The Quran was revealed in the month of Ramadaan in the nigh...

Mawaqi an Nujum - The Revelation of the Quran in Stages

The Quran was revealed in every Ramadaan in Night of Laylatul Qadr for 23 years The Quran was revealed in the month of Ramadaan in the nigh...

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The History of the Compilation of Quran

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; display: none;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUrlRocPG3EIBHlWJtJn0j3viYloqKRNxRN30K4L5IfStWqomjUYaPGHjHJtoJhrtdvHw1jpQC6sFpCvpgH5Mz9T3fSSl17X9-lyv8oACV1ap2BAuSRbdNhAdlPx0iP0UBE9flnzV4-CQ/s0/quran+compilation.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="150" data-original-width="337" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUrlRocPG3EIBHlWJtJn0j3viYloqKRNxRN30K4L5IfStWqomjUYaPGHjHJtoJhrtdvHw1jpQC6sFpCvpgH5Mz9T3fSSl17X9-lyv8oACV1ap2BAuSRbdNhAdlPx0iP0UBE9flnzV4-CQ/s0/quran+compilation.jpg" /></a></div><div class="blog-content" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 15px;"><div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-top: 10px; position: relative; text-align: center;"><a style="color: #a6a6a6;"><img alt="Picture" src="https://www.rizqankareem.com/uploads/1/2/6/9/126965809/compilation_orig.jpg" style="border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-style: initial; border-width: 0px !important; border: 0px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; width: auto;" /></a><div style="font-size: 12.6px;">The earliest fragments were written on sheep or goat skin - BBC</div></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Trirong; font-size: medium;"><b>How was Quran compiled in to a standard text?</b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The Quran was revealed in the classical Arabic text almost 15 centuries back and the present text found in modern copies of the Quran is the same as that original text. The only difference between the original and subsequent texts is the addition of vowels & diacritical marks (i'jam, tashkeel), that were added in the later copies for non-Arabs to recite each word correctly. Prophet Muhammad ﷺ memorized the original text himself (in the Qurayshi dialect) and also made his companions. After the Prophet's passing away, Islam gradually spread throughout the region and accepted new people in to its fold. When new people entered Islam during the Rashidun Caliphate i.e. the rule of first 4 successors of the Prophet namely Abu Bakr (r.a), Umar (r.a), Uthman (r.a) and Ali (r.a), the prophet's companions spread to these different regions to teach and instruct them about the Quran. This resulted in each region holding on to its own recitation style they had learned from each companion and earlier Muslims.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">During the rule of Prophet's third successor Uthman ibn Affan (r.a), variant readings and recitations of the Quran (based on dialects of other Arab tribes) were being followed in different parts of the Muslim world. For further clarity please read <a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/introduction-to-the-quran-ndash-revelation-compilation-memorization--preservation/the-7-dialects-ahruf-in-which-the-quran-was-revealed">Background of 7 Ahruf (Dialects) of the Quran</a>. This practice carried the potential of a major sedition among the Muslims. Every part of the Muslim world proudly held to their own style of Quranic recitation and looked upon other variants as lesser. A Prophet’s companion named Hudhayfa (r.a) once campaigned with the people of Iraq and al-Sham (greater Syria) in Armenia, the Muslims contended in a reprehensible manner with each other in regards to the Quran. Hudhayfa (r.a) came to Uthman (r.a) and told him: “O Commander of the Believers, rescue this Community before they differ in the Quran the way Christians and Jews differed in the Books.”<a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/introduction-to-the-quran-ndash-revelation-compilation-memorization--preservation/the-compilation-of-the-quran#_ftn1">[1]</a> Many huffaz (those who had learnt the Quran by heart) died in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Yamama">battle of Yamama</a><a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/introduction-to-the-quran-ndash-revelation-compilation-memorization--preservation/the-compilation-of-the-quran#_ftn2">[2]</a> which took place during the Abu Bakr's rule (r.a). It was felt necessary that the Quran should be compiled in a book format so it does not get lost with time. A compilation was thus prepared in the Qurayshi dialect, and it was called Mushaf. During Abu Bakr's rule this compilation was kept in the custody of Ayesha (r.a), the beloved wife of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. During the caliphate of Umar (r.a) this compilation was kept in the custody of his daughter Hafsa (r.a), also another wife of the Prophet ﷺ. After hearing what Hudhayfa (r.a) experienced Uthman (r.a) was alarmed and sent word to Hafsa (r.a). To prevent this issue from further escalation, Uthman (r.a) with the support and consultation of the Companions of the Prophet ﷺ decided to introduce a unified text based on the copy with Hafsa (r.a).</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Uthman, ordered that a number of copies should be made from this to be distributed to different parts of the Muslim world as the official copy of the Quran, which became known as the Uthmanic Codex or Uthmanic Quran. All previous copies in use in the various parts of the Muslim dominions were collected and burnt. The Uthamic codex has been recognized throughout the Muslim world for the last fourteen centuries as the authentic document of the Quran as revealed to the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.</div><div style="text-align: justify;">[3]</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Trirong; font-size: medium;"><b>Why did Caliph Uthman burn the variant readings of Quran?</b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The fact that Uthman (r.a) burned the variant readings of the Quran was to protect the unity of the Muslims by assisting them to follow a unified text. During Uthman's rule, bout 12 years after the passing away of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, as Islam spread throughout the region variant readings of the Quran were being followed in different parts of the Muslim world. These were going to become a cause of a major disunity and so to prevent this from happening Uthman (r.a) along with some of the most prominent companions of the Prophet ﷺ decided to issue single standard text for all Muslims to follow. The decision involved companions such as Zaid bin Thabit (r.a), Abdullah bin Zubair (r.a), Saeed bin Al Aas (r.a) and Abdur Rahman bin Al Harith (r.a). This Committee was commissioned to prepare an authorized text whose members had memorized the Quran directly from the Prophet ﷺ. Copies of this edition were prepared and supplied to all parts of the dominions. All previous copies in use in the various parts of the Muslim dominions were collected and burnt.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Therefore, the decision that Uthman (r.a) took for standardization of the Quran was mutually decided that comprised several of the most honorable companions. They decided their affairs through mutual consultation as prescribed by the Quran (42:38). In a prophetic hadith we have been informed: “majority of my Ummah (nation i.e. Muslims) will never agree on an error.”<a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/introduction-to-the-quran-ndash-revelation-compilation-memorization--preservation/the-matter-of-uthman-ra-burning-variant-readings-of-quran#_ftn1">[4]</a> The decision of Uthman (r.a) has been endorsed by majority of Muslims and Islamic scholars throughout the history regardless of their school or sect affiliation. Even after the passage of fifteen centuries the various copies of the standard text available throughout the globe have no major differences except for the minor difference of vowels which do not affect the meaning. In fact the decision made under Uthman's leadership bears testimony to the promise of Allah ﷻ to protect the Quran till the Day of Judgment: “We have sent down the dhikr (Quran) Ourself, and We Ourself will guard it.”<a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/introduction-to-the-quran-ndash-revelation-compilation-memorization--preservation/the-matter-of-uthman-ra-burning-variant-readings-of-quran#_ftn2">[5]</a> .</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">At this point it is also important to mention that there are allegations that Shia Muslims do not believe in the uniformity of text and that they believe the Quran to be distorted. These are false and their mainstream scholars have clearly rejected this notion which is based on some extremely inauthentic traditions found in their books. Muhammad Baqir Ansari, one of the Shia writers, explains the Shia view in his article ‘Tahrif al-Qur'an: A Study of Misconceptions Regarding Corruption of the Qur'anic Text’: “At present, the antiquated hand-written manuscripts of the Holy Qur'an by the Shi'ah from the early days of Islam until now are kept in museums of Iran, Pakistan, Iraq, etc. Some of these manuscripts are, once in a while, precisely reprinted in the same form and exposed to public view. Those who entertain the slightest doubt concerning this matter can personally refer to these manuscripts. In the museum of the Qur'an in the holy city of Mashhad, I have personally seen some copies of the Holy Qur'an written on parchment made of deer skin. The period of writing of these copies of Qur'an dates back to more than one thousand years. Some of them are attributed to Imam Ali (A), al-Imam al-Sajjad (the fourth Imam), and some others are attributed to other Imams, Shi'ah Ulama and pious men. Similarly, in other museums and libraries, there are also some copies of the Qur'an which are very ancient, but so far no one has been able to claim that even a single word of these manuscripts of the Qur'an differs from what is now available to the Shi'ah and to the Muslims of the world.”<a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/introduction-to-the-quran-ndash-revelation-compilation-memorization--preservation/the-matter-of-uthman-ra-burning-variant-readings-of-quran#_ftn1">[6]</a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">​</div><div style="text-align: justify;">References:</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/introduction-to-the-quran-ndash-revelation-compilation-memorization--preservation/the-compilation-of-the-quran#_ftnref1">[1]</a> al-Dhahabi, Abu Nuaym &. n.d. The Four Khalifas - Uthman ibn Affan (r.a). Accessed March 27, 2019. http://www.sunnah.org/publication/khulafa_rashideen/caliph3.htm - (al-Dhahabi n.d.)</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/introduction-to-the-quran-ndash-revelation-compilation-memorization--preservation/the-compilation-of-the-quran#_ftnref2">[2]</a> Part of the apostasy campaign during Abu Bakr (r.a) caliphate, the first successor of the Prophet. Please refer to Question # in chapter 3.</div><div style="text-align: justify;">[3] Haleem, M. A. S. Abdel. 2004. The Qur'an . New York: Oxford University Press Inc. - (Haleem 2004)</div><div style="text-align: justify;">[4] Sunan Abi Dawud 4253 – Sunnah.com</div><div style="text-align: justify;">[5] Al Quran 15:09</div><div style="text-align: justify;">[6] Ansari, Muhammad Baqir. 2019. "Tahrif al-Qur'an: A Study of Misconceptions Regarding Corruption of the Qur'anic Text." Al Tawhid Vol 4 N.4 - (Ansari 2019)</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: Trirong; font-size: 14px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[Courtesy of  </b></span><span style="background: 0px 0px white; border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Sans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Trirong; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/rizqan_kareem/" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; color: #bb1904; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.17s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Zaid Shah</a><span style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; color: #525252; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> |</span></b></span></span><b style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: Trirong; font-size: 14px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Rizqan Kareem | <a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; color: #bb1904; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.17s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Most Excellent Sustenance</a>]</b></div></div><style>.post-meta .post-date {display:none} </style>

The History of the Compilation of Quran

The earliest fragments were written on sheep or goat skin - BBC How was Quran compiled in to a standard text? The Quran was revealed in the ...

The History of the Compilation of Quran

The earliest fragments were written on sheep or goat skin - BBC How was Quran compiled in to a standard text? The Quran was revealed in the ...

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Background of 7 Ahruf (Dialects) of the Quran

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; display: none;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJdFveculNT5KBYi2vRd6T42-0CJFqtYDXrgV8jtBIXS_zh48vzAbA1cuMME6eyhhJtUL_Lw-CUK7uODkNu0yZC_g26R6YaMKpsZinOULN0aGUwKU2OIS2CYEKeGWo972ujA9NFRNUA00/s0/calligraphy+pens.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="676" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJdFveculNT5KBYi2vRd6T42-0CJFqtYDXrgV8jtBIXS_zh48vzAbA1cuMME6eyhhJtUL_Lw-CUK7uODkNu0yZC_g26R6YaMKpsZinOULN0aGUwKU2OIS2CYEKeGWo972ujA9NFRNUA00/s0/calligraphy+pens.jpg" /></a></div><table class="wsite-not-footer" id="blogTable" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #525252; font-family: Lato, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; table-layout: fixed; width: 1000px;"><tbody><tr><td valign="top"><div class="blog-body" id="174247019210108392-blog" style="float: left; width: 740px;"><div id="wsite-content"><div class="blog-post" id="blog-post-690752198909049137" style="position: relative; zoom: 1;"><div class="blog-content" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 15px;"><div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;"><a style="color: #a6a6a6;"><img alt="Picture" src="https://www.rizqankareem.com/uploads/1/2/6/9/126965809/7ahruf_orig.jpg" style="border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-style: initial; border-width: 0px !important; border: 0px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; width: auto;" /></a><div style="font-size: 12.6px;"></div></div></div><span class="imgPusher" style="display: block; float: left; height: 1606px; overflow: hidden;"></span><span style="clear: left; display: table; float: left; margin-top: 20px; max-width: 100%; position: relative; width: auto;"><span class="wsite-caption" style="caption-side: bottom; display: table-caption; font-size: 12.6px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: -10px; text-align: center;"></span></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Trirong; font-size: medium;"><b>Why was the Quran recited in 7 dialects?</b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The tribes at the time of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ did not speak Arabic in the same ahruf (dialect). Many tribes had different ways of reciting Arabic words and Quran addressed them in their individual dialects while at the same time delivering the same message. This was one of the literary and linguistic miracles of this book for Arabic speakers who received in the first instance. Hence the following authentic hadith mentions the satisfaction displayed by the Prophet ﷺ after hearing that Allah ﷻ permitted the Quran to be recited in seven dialects. It is recorded in Sahih of Imam Muslim that Ubayy b. Kaab reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was near the tank of Banu Ghifar that Archangel Gabriel (alaihi salaam) came to him and said: "Allah has commanded you to recite to your people the Quran in one dialect." Upon this he said "I ask from Allah pardon and forgiveness. My people are not capable of doing it." He then came for the second time and said "Allah has commanded you that you should recite the Quran to your people in two dialects." Upon this he (the Holy prophet) again said "I seek pardon and forgiveness from Allah, my people would not be able to do so." He (Gabriel) came for the third time and said "Allah has commanded you to recite the Quran to your people in three dialects." Upon this he said "I ask pardon and forgiveness from Allah. My people would not be able to do it." He then came to him for the fourth time and said "Allah has commanded you to recite the Quran to your people in seven dialects, and in whichever dialect they would recite, they would be right."<a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/introduction-to-the-quran-ndash-revelation-compilation-memorization--preservation/the-7-dialects-ahruf-in-which-the-quran-was-revealed#_ftn1">[1]</a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">It is said that these 7 dialects (ahruf) belong to the following seven tribes: Quraysh, Hudhayl, Thaqeef, Hawaazin, Kinaanah, Tameem and a tribe of Yemen. The wisdom behind this was that the Quran in seven different dialects made its recitation and memorization much easier for the local tribes. After the passing away of the Prophet ﷺ, Islam spread to other regions including non-Arabs and these dialects also came to be spread due to the fact that his companions who recited them went to different regions to teach and instruct the new Muslims. Each region adopted a style of recitation based on a dialect (harf) that the companion recited in. During the rule of Uthman ibn Affan (r.a) he received news that Muslims around the Islamic empire were contending on whose recitation was better. Uthman (r.a) then decided to take measures. By his time the various Quranic dialects had ceased to be of their initial importance. He aimed to eliminate the variant styles of readings (qira’at) which had the potential to cause permanent divisions. He compiled a standardized text which was based on the original Qurayshi dialect (harf), the dialect in which the Quran was revealed to the Prophet ﷺ and which he recited himself. Uthman (r.a) ordered the distribution of this text to the major centers of the Islamic empire. Muslims were encouraged to read this standard edition which did not omit anything from what they were exchanging except for a recitation style. Even though a standard edition was collected and spread across Muslim region and others were collected and burned, that did not affect the original text and their meanings because nothing was omitted from it. Therefore these dialects were the need of the time and environment in which the Quran was being revealed but as Islam spread outside of Arabian Peninsula, they ceased to be of much importance as later Muslims did not have concerns like their early predecessors.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Trirong; font-size: medium;"><b>An example for illustration</b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The above can be understood better if we compare it with change in the writing style of Quran. Just as the change in recitation styles based on earlier dialects (ahruf) did not impact the meaning of the Quranic words, the writing style of the Quran too evolved yet did not change the meaning. By comparing a page from the earliest scripts of the Quran going back 14 centuries with the same section from a modern printed edition clearly shows a huge difference in writing style with absolutely no difference in meaning. Such as the following:</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">A comparison of a section from modern Quran version (Al Quran 20:1-5) with old fragments in Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham dating back to period between 568 and 645 CE:</div><div style="text-align: justify;">​</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a style="color: #a6a6a6;"><img alt="Picture" class="galleryImageBorder wsite-image" src="https://www.rizqankareem.com/uploads/1/2/6/9/126965809/koran-unchanged_orig.jpg" style="background-color: transparent; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.13); margin: 5px 10px 10px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 3px; position: relative;" /></a>​As you may notice that the diacritical marks (tashkeel) were added by later generations to make recitation more easier and simpler for them and subsequent generations yet according to all experts the meaning and words of the Quran still remain unchanged. Any modern expert in Arabic would have much difficulty in reading the old manuscript writing. However the experts who know how to read and understand old manuscript know what it says.​</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">At this point it is important to address a concern usually raised by outright critics of Islam that Quran must have been changed due to burning of the remaining dialects. Even though their claim of burning is correct yet they have failed to produce any evidence that the original text and its meaning was changed due to burning. So far they quote the earlier mentioned hadith of seven dialects and claim that there were "seven Qurans" and now only one is left, implying possibility of more than one Quran, which is obviously false. Secondly, they repeatedly mention Uthman’s burning as if he wanted to burn for sake of making changes, which is again, obviously, a false allegation.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">References:</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/introduction-to-the-quran-ndash-revelation-compilation-memorization--preservation/the-7-dialects-ahruf-in-which-the-quran-was-revealed#_ftnref1">[1]</a> Sunnah.com - Sahih Muslim 821 a</div><div style="text-align: justify;">[2] 'Oldest' Koran fragments found in Birmingham University, BBC News, By Sean Coughlan, Education correspondent, Published 22 July 2015 - ​https://www.bbc.com/news/business-33436021</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: Trirong; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[Courtesy of  </b></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Sans, sans-serif; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Trirong; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/rizqan_kareem/" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; color: #bb1904; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.17s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Zaid Shah</a><span style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; color: #525252; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> |</span></b></span></span><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: Trirong; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Rizqan Kareem | <a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; color: #bb1904; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.17s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Most Excellent Sustenance</a>]</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: Trirong; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></b></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><style>.post-meta .post-date {display:none} </style>

Background of 7 Ahruf (Dialects) of the Quran

Why was the Quran recited in 7 dialects? The tribes at the time of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ did not speak Arabic in the same ahruf (dialect). Many...

Background of 7 Ahruf (Dialects) of the Quran

Why was the Quran recited in 7 dialects? The tribes at the time of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ did not speak Arabic in the same ahruf (dialect). Many...

Read more »

Understanding Naskh (Abrogation) in the Quran

<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjijFdwQ8U-usXkaUAFaJ-LoElzz8j6XGTuv1lTYzKlkc8Ay8F_NYfxkJF5AS5mDrg4ZjyQocW0WLr3uMKvNcTuUth0BXJhQuiVOkDmRDg6cKPUhjg__wLhiy0SMCv6dnPZRGWXbqZtZx8/s0/naskh.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 0em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="552" data-original-width="800" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjijFdwQ8U-usXkaUAFaJ-LoElzz8j6XGTuv1lTYzKlkc8Ay8F_NYfxkJF5AS5mDrg4ZjyQocW0WLr3uMKvNcTuUth0BXJhQuiVOkDmRDg6cKPUhjg__wLhiy0SMCv6dnPZRGWXbqZtZx8/s0/naskh.jpg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Naskh means Abrogation or Cancellation. There is difference between the concept of Naskh (Abrogation) of the commandments in the Quran vs Naskh (abrogation) of some verses, meaning part of revelation of the Quran. The former are actually the commandments in the Quran addressed at different times during the 23-year time of Quran’s revelation. Some commandments abrogated the others and there is proof for us in the Quran and the Hadith for that. However, there is no proof for the latter type of Naskh (abrogation) i.e. some ayahs (verses) that were initially part of the Quran but were later cancelled and removed permanently. Unfortunately, this latter concept has come to be formed because of some ahadith recorded in the books of tradition that mention its taking place, which I have mentioned below. The fact however is that entire Quran with all its ayahs (verses) were collected at the time of its revelation by the Prophet ﷺ and his companions and nothing is missing from it.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Trirong; font-size: medium;"><b>Naskh (Abrogation) of the commandments in the Quran</b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;">There are many instances when commandments in the Quran were either replaced by other commandments or revealed to further explain the existing ones. For instance in the following verses on fasting, the commandment was understood by the Prophet’s companions to either fast or feed poor persons: “Fast for a fixed number of days, but if any of you is ill or on a journey, the same number (should be made up) from other days. And as for those who can fast with difficulty, (e.g., an old man), they have (a choice either to fast or) to feed a Miskin (poor person) (for every day).”<a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/introduction-to-the-quran-ndash-revelation-compilation-memorization--preservation/understanding-naskh-abrogation-in-the-quran#_ftn1">[1]</a>Imam ibn Kathir comments in his Tafsir based on narrations of several companions that when 2:184 was revealed, those who did not wish to fast, used to pay the Fidyah (feeding a poor person for each day they did not fast) until the following Ayah (2:185) was revealed abrogating the previous Ayah: “…So whoever of you sights (the crescent on the first night of) the month (of Ramadan, i.e., is present at his home), he must observe Sawm (fasting) that month, and whoever is ill or on a journey, the same number of days which one did not observe Sawm (fasting) must be made up.”<a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/introduction-to-the-quran-ndash-revelation-compilation-memorization--preservation/understanding-naskh-abrogation-in-the-quran#_ftn2">[2]</a> The companions at first used to feed poor persons instead of fasting in lieu of 2:184 but when 2:185 was revealed it abrogated that concession and the command of 2:184 was now only limited to those who are old, sick or on a journey and therefore unable to fast. In this instance, the command was abrogated, meaning it was made more explanatory by adding exceptions. Such instance is an abrogation of commandments that Quran is replete with and numerous ahadith testify to this fact. In another instance, the following alcohol verse was revealed during Muslims early stages of learning and practicing Islam, prohibiting them from approaching the prayer while drunk: “O you who believe! do not go near prayer when you are Intoxicated until you know (well) what you say…”<a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/introduction-to-the-quran-ndash-revelation-compilation-memorization--preservation/understanding-naskh-abrogation-in-the-quran#_ftn3">[3]</a> It is well known that many among the Companions were alcoholics and when the time of prayer was due they would join and perform in a drunken state. Therefore, the verse was revealed to prevent them from doing so yet did not put a complete prohibition on the act of drinking. After sometime, another revelation came down declaring complete prohibition on the act: “O you who believe, intoxicants and gambling, idolatrous practices, and [divining with] arrows are repugnant acts- Satan’s doing- shun them so that you may prosper.”<a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/introduction-to-the-quran-ndash-revelation-compilation-memorization--preservation/understanding-naskh-abrogation-in-the-quran#_ftn4">[4]</a> Due to 5:90 the complete prohibition of alcohol went in to effect and it abrogated the rule in 4:43. However it’s also best to mention that a minority of Islamic scholars declare that 4:43 is still valid for those who are strong addicts and it’s very difficult for them to quit (in need to join a rehabilitation center) therefore Allah gives them a chance as he did to the Companions of the Prophet ﷺ.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Trirong; font-size: medium;"><b>Naskh (Abrogation) of the Quran verses</b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;">As for the abrogation of the verses meaning that there were verses initially part of the Quran, but have been cancelled (Naskh) and completely removed is unfortunately a misconception about the Quran. First, the divine promise of Allah ﷻ says that no one can change His words: “And recite, [O Muhammad], what has been revealed to you of the Book of your Lord. There is no changer of His words, and never will you find in other than Him a refuge.”<a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/introduction-to-the-quran-ndash-revelation-compilation-memorization--preservation/understanding-naskh-abrogation-in-the-quran#_ftn5">[5]</a> When referring to this Book i.e. the Holy Quran, Allah ﷻ makes it clear that no changes can take place in regards to His divine speech unless He Himself wills it. Therefore, many Muslim Scholars believe that no words of the Quran revealed to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ were ever permanently abrogated later. The following verse specifically touches on the subject of Abrogation and used as evidence by those who argue in favor of verses being abrogated: “Any Ayah (verse or message) which We cancel, abrogate, or cause to be forgotten (Naskh), We replace with a better or a similar one. Do you not know that Allah has the power over all things?”<a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/introduction-to-the-quran-ndash-revelation-compilation-memorization--preservation/understanding-naskh-abrogation-in-the-quran#_ftn6">[6]</a> 2:106 was revealed against the background of 2:105 which mentions that the disbelievers amongst the Jews and Christians do not accept that a new revelation can be send in addition to their’s. To which Allah replied in 2:106 that He has the power to replace the previous message with a new one. The word that Allah ﷻ used in 2:106 for 'Message' or 'Revelation' in Arabic is Ayah, which many of the translators and commentators have translated as 'Verse'. Taking this restricted meaning of the term Ayah, some scholars concluded from the above passage that certain commandments of the Quran have been permanently abrogated by others or certain verses, initially part of the book, may have been completely removed by God's command. The truth is that Naskh (i.e., cancellation/abrogation of an Ayah) did not apply internally to verses of the Quran, but, rather, externally to certain previous divine revelations. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">There does not exist a single reliable Tradition to the effect that the Prophet ever, declared a verse of the Quran to have been "abrogated". As for the ahadith found in the books that mention about verses that were part of the Quran and are no more are only the words of his companions. For instance, the following is narrated from Umar (r.a) who said: “…Allah sent Muhammad with the Truth and revealed the Holy Book to him, and among what Allah revealed, was the Verse of the Rajam (the stoning of married person (male & female) who commits illegal sexual intercourse, and we did recite this Verse and understood and memorized it. Allah's Messenger did carry out the punishment of stoning and so did we after him. I am afraid that after a long time has passed, somebody will say, 'By Allah, we do not find the Verse of the Rajam in Allah's Book,' and thus they will go astray by leaving an obligation which Allah has revealed…”<a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/introduction-to-the-quran-ndash-revelation-compilation-memorization--preservation/understanding-naskh-abrogation-in-the-quran#_ftn7">[7]</a> This apparent confusion of a “missing verse” can also be removed if we notice that it is only a miracle that Quran remains the same around the world with its meaning unchanged for the past almost 15 centuries. Having said that it is Allah ﷻ who in His divine wisdom decided to keep whatever becomes part of the Quran and what does not. Angel Gabriel (alaihi salaam) recited the Quran with the Prophet ﷺ every year and made him memorize which he in turn memorized to his companions: "We will teach you, and you will not forget [anything of what you are taught], except what Allah may will [you to forget]..."[8] The verses of Rajam or others, may have existed but were never chosen to become part of the Quran to begin with. As per Islamic scholars, the verse of the Rajam is not included in the recitation of the Quran but its ruling as a law remains effective. Hence, what initially never became part of the Quran cannot alleged to be “later removed” or “cancelled” by the Companions or subsequent generations.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">References:</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/introduction-to-the-quran-ndash-revelation-compilation-memorization--preservation/understanding-naskh-abrogation-in-the-quran#_ftnref1">[1]</a> Al Quran 2:184</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/introduction-to-the-quran-ndash-revelation-compilation-memorization--preservation/understanding-naskh-abrogation-in-the-quran#_ftnref2">[2]</a> Al Quran 2:185</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/introduction-to-the-quran-ndash-revelation-compilation-memorization--preservation/understanding-naskh-abrogation-in-the-quran#_ftnref3">[3]</a> Al Quran 4:43</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/introduction-to-the-quran-ndash-revelation-compilation-memorization--preservation/understanding-naskh-abrogation-in-the-quran#_ftnref4">[4]</a> Al Quran 5:90</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/introduction-to-the-quran-ndash-revelation-compilation-memorization--preservation/understanding-naskh-abrogation-in-the-quran#_ftnref5">[5]</a> Al Quran 18:27</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/introduction-to-the-quran-ndash-revelation-compilation-memorization--preservation/understanding-naskh-abrogation-in-the-quran#_ftnref6">[6]</a> Al Quran 2:106</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/introduction-to-the-quran-ndash-revelation-compilation-memorization--preservation/understanding-naskh-abrogation-in-the-quran#_ftnref7">[7]</a> Sahih Al Bukhari - Vol. 8, Book 82, Hadith 817 – Sunnah.com</div><div style="text-align: justify;">[8] Al Quran 87:6-7) - Asad Translation</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: Trirong; font-size: 14px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[Courtesy of  </b></span><span style="background: 0px 0px white; border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Sans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Trirong; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/rizqan_kareem/" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; color: #bb1904; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.17s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Zaid Shah</a><span style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; color: #525252; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> |</span></b></span></span><b style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: Trirong; font-size: 14px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Rizqan Kareem | <a href="https://www.rizqankareem.com/" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; color: #bb1904; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.17s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Most Excellent Sustenance</a>]</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: Trirong; font-size: 14px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: Trirong; font-size: 14px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></b></div><style>.post-meta .post-date {display:none} </style>

Understanding Naskh (Abrogation) in the Quran

Naskh means Abrogation or Cancellation. There is difference between the concept of Naskh (Abrogation) of the commandments in the Quran vs Na...

Understanding Naskh (Abrogation) in the Quran

Naskh means Abrogation or Cancellation. There is difference between the concept of Naskh (Abrogation) of the commandments in the Quran vs Na...

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